Community Foundations

The Bendigo Community Bank model is one of Australia's most innovative community finance structures. When big banks closed rural branches in the 1990s, Bendigo Bank partnered with communities to open locally-owned branches. Each branch is owned by a community company, and profits flow back to local projects—not to distant shareholders. Over 300 Community Bank branches have returned $300M+ to communities for sporting clubs, schools, and infrastructure. It's PSC applied to banking: capital stays local and regenerates through community reinvestment.

• 300+ Community Bank branches
• $300M+ returned to communities
• Locally-owned franchise model

Founded just one year after Cleveland, the Boston Foundation expanded on Goff's model by pioneering multi-stakeholder governance and regional coordination. The foundation developed sophisticated donor services while maintaining the core PSC structure: perpetual corpus, adaptive distribution, and community accountability. Today it manages $1.8 billion and serves as a model for how community foundations can scale while maintaining mission alignment.

• Second oldest community foundation
• Pioneered donor-advised funds
• Regional coordination across Greater Boston

In 1914, Cleveland banker Frederick Goff created a revolutionary solution to a centuries-old problem: charitable trusts becoming obsolete. Previous donors had specified narrow purposes ('cure scurvy among sailors') that became irrelevant. Goff's innovation was a 'living trust' with a distribution committee empowered to reinterpret donor intent for current community needs. The corpus would be preserved forever, but its purpose could evolve. 110 years later, the Cleveland Foundation manages $3 billion and has distributed over $2.5 billion to the Cleveland community.

• First community foundation in history
• Invented the 'living trust' model now used by 900+ community foundations
• $3 billion in assets after 110 years

The Lord Mayor's Charitable Foundation demonstrates that PSC principles work across different legal systems and cultures. Founded in 1923 under Australian trust law, it has survived 101 years of political changes, economic crises, and social transformation. The foundation focuses on homelessness, education, and community resilience—adapting its focus over the decades while maintaining its perpetual corpus.

• Australia's oldest community foundation
• Proves PSC works under different legal systems
• Focus on homelessness and housing

Waqf is the Islamic institution of perpetual charitable endowment—assets dedicated 'to God' that cannot be sold, inherited, or donated, with income flowing to designated beneficiaries forever. Some waqfs have operated continuously for over 1,000 years. At their peak, waqfs funded 75% of public services in the Ottoman Empire: schools, hospitals, roads, water systems. The waqf predates the Western community foundation by 1,200 years and demonstrates that PSC architecture works across cultures.

• 1,300+ years of continuous operation
• Assets permanently locked to purpose
• Income flows to beneficiaries, corpus preserved