Capital Models

UACC + PSC vs
Traditional Blended Finance

Traditional blended finance revolutionised development capital by de-risking deals for private investors. UACC + PSC completes the picture—the framework plus the instrument that makes catalytic capital perpetual.

UACC = Unified Architecture for Catalytic Capital™
PSC = Perpetual Social Capital™

What Traditional Blended Finance Solved

Development finance institutions (DFIs) and foundations faced a scale problem: public and philanthropic capital alone couldn't fund the $4.2 trillion annual SDG gap. Blended finance solved this by using concessional capital—grants, guarantees, first-loss tranches—to de-risk deals enough for commercial investors to participate.

$200B+
Mobilised annually
1:4
Typical leverage ratio
$17T
Potential by 2030 (OECD)

This was a genuine breakthrough. But it optimises for one question: "How do we mobilise more private capital?" UACC asks a different question: "How do we make catalytic capital perpetual?"

The UACC 5-Layer Framework

Traditional blended finance operates primarily in Layers 1-3. UACC adds Layers 4-5—the missing pieces that enable perpetual catalytic capital.

L1

Risk Absorption

First-loss tranches, guarantees, concessional debt

Traditional BF ✓
L2

Temporal Smoothing

Matching capital cadence to mission cycles

Traditional BF (partial)
L3

Crowd-In

Mobilizing follow-on commercial capital

Traditional BF ✓
L4

System Value Formation

Compounding social returns across cycles

UACC Addition
L5

Perpetual Cycles

Self-sustaining regeneration via beneficiary participation

UACC Addition

The Unlock

Traditional blended finance stops at crowd-in—mobilising private capital for a deal. UACC continues to system value formation and perpetual cycles—where beneficiaries become contributors and capital regenerates indefinitely. This is where Perpetual Social Capital™ (PSC) operates as the enabling instrument.

Coverage Comparison

Traditional Blended Finance

L1
Risk Absorption
L2
Temporal Smoothingpartial
L3
Crowd-In
L4
System Value Formation
L5
Perpetual Cycles
Optimises for
Capital Mobilisation
$1 public → $4 private

UACC + PSC

L1
Risk Absorption
L2
Temporal Smoothing
L3
Crowd-In
L4
System Value Formation
L5
Perpetual Cycles
Optimises for
Capital Perpetuation
$1 → 10-30× system value over time

Feature Comparison

FeatureTraditional BFUACC + PSC
Primary QuestionHow do we mobilize more private capital?How do we make catalytic capital perpetual?
Layers AddressedL1-L3 (Risk, partial Temporal, Crowd-In)L1-L5 (Full stack including System Value & Perpetuation)
Key MetricLeverage ratio (1:4 typical)System Value Multiplier (10-30×)
Where Returns GoBack to commercial investorsForward to next beneficiaries (L4-L5)
Time HorizonDeal lifecycle (5-10 years)Perpetual (multi-generational)
Beneficiary RoleRecipients of investment outcomesActive participants who pay forward
Scale DeterminantCommercial viability of assetsBeneficiary capacity to participate
Proven Track Record$200B+ mobilized annuallyEmerging (case studies at scale exist)

Which Layers Do You Need?

The right approach depends on context. Sometimes L1-L3 is sufficient. Often, adding L4-L5 transforms outcomes.

Large Infrastructure

L1-L3

Traditional blended finance excels here. Add L4-L5 for community benefit covenants.

Dutch water boards: L1-L3 for infrastructure + L4-L5 levy recycling (17M protected)

Climate Mitigation

L1-L3 + optional L4-L5

Blended for renewables with commercial returns. UACC full stack for adaptation funds.

Solar: L1-L3 | Community resilience funds: full L1-L5

Education & Workforce

L1-L5 (full stack)

Students gain capacity → can pay forward. Full UACC stack maximizes system value.

Income-share agreements with pay-forward covenants

Healthcare Access

L1-L5 (full stack)

Patients recover → can contribute. Aboriginal health cooperatives serve millions.

ACCHO model: community-controlled, self-sustaining

Social Housing

L1-L5 (full stack)

Vienna model: blended builds assets (L1-L3), perpetual covenants maintain affordability (L4-L5).

60% of Vienna housed through this hybrid approach

Worker Ownership

L4-L5 primary

Capital stays in system, workers become owners. Mondragon: 80,000+ workers.

No extraction needed—pure L4-L5 mechanics

Scale is not the constraint. Dutch water boards (17M people), Vienna housing (60% of city), and Mondragon (80,000+ workers) all operate at massive scale using L4-L5 mechanics.

PSC: The Instrument for L4-L5

Perpetual Social Capital™ is the instrument that enables Layers 4 and 5. It's not a replacement for blended finance—it's the completion.

Perpetual Social Capital™

The recycling mechanism for L4-L5

How It Works

  • Capital deployed as gifts to beneficiaries
  • Beneficiaries pay forward when they succeed
  • Recycled capital serves the next cohort
  • System value compounds over cycles

Key Metrics

Recycling Rate (R)
80-95%
System Value Multiplier
10-30× (at R=0.9-0.95)

Integration point: Use traditional blended finance (L1-L3) to build infrastructure and mobilise capital. Add PSC (L4-L5) to ensure benefits perpetuate and compound. The Vienna housing model does exactly this.

The Theoretical Foundation

The Unified Architecture for Catalytic Capital™ paper formalises the 5-layer framework, including the mathematical conditions for each layer and the interactions between them. The Perpetual Social Capital™ paper details the L4-L5 mechanics.

Design Your Full Capital Stack

For DFI practitioners, foundation program officers, and development finance professionals— explore how UACC can complete your catalytic capital structures.