Capital Models

PSC vs
ESG Investing

ESG promised to make capitalism sustainable through better investment criteria. But what if the problem isn't which companies we invest in—but where returns flow?

What ESG Got Right

ESG investing recognized that capital allocation shapes the world. By screening for Environmental, Social, and Governance factors, investors could theoretically direct capital toward sustainable outcomes. This was a genuine insight: capital isn't neutral.

The ESG insight: Where we invest matters. But ESG optimizes the selection of investments while leaving the structureof capital unchanged. Returns still flow back to investors.

Why ESG Falls Short

Rating Inconsistency

Major ESG rating agencies (MSCI, Sustainalytics, Refinitiv) correlate at only 0.54—worse than credit ratings. Same company can be 'leader' and 'laggard' simultaneously.

Source: Berg et al. 2022

Greenwashing

ESG funds often hold the same companies as conventional funds. A 2022 study found 68% of 'sustainable' funds invested in fossil fuel companies.

Source: Morningstar 2022

Impact Dilution

ESG diverts investor capital but doesn't change company behavior—divested shares are simply bought by less scrupulous investors at a discount.

Source: Theory of Change

Short-Termism

ESG metrics optimise for quarterly reporting, not generational outcomes. Climate adaptation needs 50-100 year horizons.

Source: Temporal Mismatch

How PSC Solves This

Structural Impact

Impact isn't claimed—it's structural. The recycling rate (R) mathematically determines system value. No ratings agency needed.

Temporal Alignment

PSC operates on mission cycles, not reporting cycles. A 30-year infrastructure mission gets 30-year capital, not quarterly pressure.

Compounding Value

Instead of 5% annual returns, PSC achieves 6.67× system value multiplier through perpetual cycling. More impact per dollar, forever.

Beneficiary Agency

Beneficiaries aren't passive recipients—they're active participants who choose when and how to pay forward, building system ownership.

Feature Comparison

FeatureESGPSC
Primary Mechanism
Screen investments by ESG criteria
Capital cycles through beneficiaries perpetually
Capital Destination
Returns flow to investors
Capital flows forward to next beneficiary
Impact Measurement
Third-party ratings (often inconsistent)
Built-in: recycling rate (R factor)
Greenwashing Risk
High—ratings vary 50%+ between agencies
Low—impact is structural, not claimed
Financial Returns
Yes (market-rate expected)
No financial returns to donor
Time Horizon
Quarterly/annual reporting cycles
Multi-generational (infinite cycles)
Beneficiary Agency
Indirect (via corporate behavior)
Direct (beneficiaries are system participants)
System Value (30 years)
~$500K (invested $100K at 5.7% real)
~$3.3M (32.9× via perpetual cycling)

The Fundamental Difference

ESG asks: "Which companies should we invest in?"
PSC asks: "Where should returns flow?"

When returns flow back to investors, capital serves investors—regardless of ESG ratings. When returns flow forward to beneficiaries, capital serves mission. The structure of capital matters more than the selection criteria.