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Under Review: IFLA Journal

What is Idea-Native Discovery?

A new paradigm for public library discovery systems—where ideas become first-class navigational objects, not just metadata attached to documents.

SDGs:
4
9
16
Paper Overview Video

A visual introduction to idea-native discovery for public libraries

The 60-Second Version

Public libraries help people find books. But what if they could help people find ideas?

Today's library catalogues are container-centric: they organise and surface documents (books, articles, records). Users must navigate to the right container to access the ideas within. The discovery question is: "Which book has what I need?"

Idea-Native Discovery inverts this. Instead of searching for containers that might hold relevant ideas, users navigate a landscape of ideas themselves. Concepts like "the sublime", "climate justice", or "colonial legacies" become navigable objects with their own identity, relationships, and manifestations across the collection.

The discovery question becomes: "What ideas am I exploring, and where do they lead?"

Why Does This Matter?

The Container Problem

Library catalogues have always organised containers: scrolls, codices, records, digital objects. Metadata systems (MARC, Dublin Core) describe containers—author, title, subject headings. Discovery interfaces help users find containers.

But users don't want containers. They want what's inside: ideas, arguments, perspectives, narratives. The container is just a delivery mechanism.

The Idea Opportunity

What if the ideas themselves were navigable? What if "alienation in industrial society" was an object you could explore—seeing which works embody it, what ideas it connects to, how it evolved over time?

This doesn't replace traditional cataloguing—it adds a semantic layer above it. Containers remain, but ideas become the primary navigation surface.

Container-Centric vs Idea-Native

Aspect
Container-Centric
Idea-Native
Primary UnitDocument (book, article, record)Idea (concept, theme, symbol)
NavigationFind the right containerExplore the idea landscape
RelationshipsSubject headings, keywordsTyped semantic relationships
Discovery ModelSearch → Filter → SelectEnter → Explore → Connect
What Users FindItems that match queryIdeas and their manifestations

FIGURE 1Container-Centric vs. Idea-Native Discovery

Conceptual comparison between container-centric discovery, where documents are the primary units of access, and idea-native discovery, where concepts and their relationships function as first-class navigational objects linked to source materials.

Container-Centric Discovery
Linear list of documents
Ideas hidden inside containers
Relationships not visible
Keyword-dependent discovery
Idea-Native Discovery
Idea graph with source links
Ideas as primary navigation units
Visible semantic relationships
Concept-driven exploration

Key Transformation: Users navigate between ideas rather than documents, with source materials accessible as provenance links rather than primary discovery targets.

FIGURE 2Local Neighbourhood Interface

Schematic illustration of a local neighbourhood interface, showing a focal idea node, a bounded set of semantically typed related ideas, and user-controlled expansion paths.

Relationship Types

supports
extends
challenges
applies
relates

+24 more related ideas

k = 6
Focal Idea
Supporting
Evidence
supports
Extension
Concept
extends
Counter-
Argument
challenges
Practical
Application
applies
Related
Theory
relates
Historical
Context
relates
Expansion Depth

Focal Node

The currently selected idea, displayed prominently with full context and source attribution.

Typed Relations

Semantically labeled connections (supports, extends, challenges) enabling structured exploration.

Expansion Control

User-controlled depth limiting prevents cognitive overload while maintaining discoverability.

Design Principle: The local neighbourhood interface respects human cognitive limits while preserving the graph's richness through progressive disclosure and semantic type filtering.

Seven Design Principles

The paper proposes seven principles for designing idea-native discovery interfaces:

Atomic Ideas

Ideas are disaggregated to the smallest pragmatically useful level—reusable across contexts.

Typed Relationships

Connections are named and navigable: 'embodies', 'contrasts with', 'evolved from'.

Provenance-First Linking

Every idea links to its source materials—the containers that embody it.

Local Neighbourhood

Users see a bounded graph of related ideas, not an overwhelming global network.

Progressive Disclosure

Complexity unfolds on demand—start simple, add depth as needed.

Semantic Legibility

Relationships are visible and interpretable—users understand why ideas connect.

Multiple Entry Points

Enter via theme, symbol, era, or author—not just keyword search.

How It Changes Discovery

Three user journeys showing the difference between container-centric and idea-native approaches:

The Researcher

A postgraduate researching 'the sublime' in Romantic poetry

Container-Centric

Searches 'sublime romanticism', gets 847 results sorted by relevance, manually connects concepts across sources

Idea-Native

Enters 'the sublime' as an idea, sees its connections to 'terror', 'infinity', 'nature worship', explores how Burke's treatise influenced Shelley's poetry through typed relationships

The Curious Browser

A reader who loved 'The Great Gatsby' and wants to explore its themes

Container-Centric

Reads 'readers also borrowed' suggestions, or browses 'American Literature' section

Idea-Native

Enters via 'the American Dream', explores connections to 'class mobility', 'disillusionment', 'Jazz Age'—discovers Fitzgerald's other works, but also Steinbeck, Wharton, and contemporary novels that embody the same ideas

The Student

A high school student researching climate change for an essay

Container-Centric

Keyword search returns scientific papers, policy documents, news articles—overwhelming, no sense of how concepts relate

Idea-Native

Enters via 'climate change', sees idea map: 'greenhouse effect' (scientific mechanism), 'climate justice' (ethical dimension), 'adaptation vs mitigation' (policy approaches). Each idea links to age-appropriate sources.

Connection to Idea-Native Architecture

This paper applies Idea-Native Architecture (INA) to a specific domain: public library discovery. INA is the broader framework for treating ideas as first-class governable objects. This paper shows what that means in practice for libraries.

Where INA provides the theoretical foundation (container-object separation, semantic agency, governance constraints), this paper provides concrete design principles for building discovery interfaces that embody those ideas.

Read the INA explainer →

Publication Status

This paper is currently under review at the IFLA Journal (International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions).

Status: Awaiting Final Decision

Common Questions

Doesn't subject indexing already do this?

Subject headings describe what containers are about—they're container metadata. Idea-native discovery makes ideas navigable objects in their own right, with relationships, provenance, and their own identity independent of any single container.

Is this like a thesaurus or controlled vocabulary?

Thesauri define term relationships for indexing consistency. Idea-native discovery uses semantic relationships that are richer (typed, directional, contextual) and designed for navigation rather than cataloguing. They're complementary but distinct.

How would you populate the idea graph?

The paper proposes a hybrid approach: expert curation for core concepts, community contribution for emerging ideas, and AI-assisted extraction for scaling. The key is starting with high-value ideas and growing incrementally.

Why public libraries specifically?

Public libraries serve diverse users with varying information needs and literacies. They're also mission-driven institutions focused on access and discovery, not just retrieval. This makes them ideal contexts for rethinking how discovery works.

Key Terms

Key Terms

13

From the research glossary

View full glossary

View the Paper

Read the full proposal for idea-native discovery in public libraries.

View Paper

Related Framework

Explore the broader theoretical foundation in Idea-Native Architecture.

Idea-Native Architecture