Architectural Diagnoses

The global art market is not dysfunctional—it is pre-institutional. What appears as market failure is actually the absence of market architecture itself.

Digital art markets failed not because they over-financialised art, but because formalisation without authority cannot constitute durable markets for symbolic goods.

The internet's dysfunction is not a market failure or a policy failure—it is an architectural constraint. The absence of native exchange/settlement at the protocol level forced attention-based monetisation.

Family offices are no longer merely managing wealth—they are designing institutions that will persist across generations. Yet institutional architecture has not kept pace with capital behaviour.

The failure of PPPs is not empirical, ideological, or managerial—it is architectural. Four fragility cycles ensure that extraction, not creation, is the structural outcome. Historic benefaction shows what we've lost.