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The distinction between AI systems that inform human decisions (advisory) and systems whose outputs effectively determine decisions (authoritative). Most AI systems are introduced as advisory but migrate to authoritative through use, without explicit recognition of the transition. COA makes this distinction governable.
A system is advisory when humans regularly exercise independent judgment regardless of its output. It has become authoritative when deviating from its recommendations requires justification while following them does not. The transition often occurs without anyone noticing.
Section 5.2: Authority Accumulation Control