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Situations where individually rational behaviour leads to collectively suboptimal outcomes—the foundation of many social dilemmas. IRSA's Pre-Governing framework addresses this by designing institutions before they're needed, when alignment is easier to achieve. Rather than solving collective action problems after they emerge, pre-governing prevents the problematic structure from forming.
Climate action fails because each country benefits from others' sacrifices. Traditional approach: negotiate agreements. Pre-governing approach: design institutions that make contribution the rational individual choice from the start.
See: Pre-Governing, Architectures of Ease