Loading...
Loading...
The examination of historic public benefaction as evidence that durable public goods have been delivered when capital was architected outside short-term political and financial cycles. Durability arose from architectural features (endowments, trusts, separated governance), not donor virtue.
Universities founded through benefaction in the 18th-19th century persist today because capital was removed from annual budgeting, governance was separated from political turnover, and no extraction was embedded.
PPP Section 6