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A form of substitution where moral framing determines truth before evidence can be assessed. Disagreement is reframed as ethical breach, making substantive deliberation impossible. Often compensates rhetorically for weakened authority—institutions that cannot decide try to moralise instead.
A debate over policy becomes a referendum on values. Those who question the proposed approach are accused of bad faith or complicity. The institution cannot assess evidence because the question has been morally pre-determined.
ACIJ Section 6.1