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K = K* ⊕ K*⊥
The decomposition that carries content: the capital space splits orthogonally into the mission-aligned subspace and its complement. E is the residue left by the alignment operator — K = A(K) + E(K) holds of any operator at all and is not the result.
A hospital's capital behaviour projects onto the equipment-cycle-matched subspace; what is left over is budget-cycle driven. The orthogonality is what makes the split unique — additivity alone would not.
OAIA §3 (decomposition)