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The second domain of IOA: how institutions capture experience, transmit knowledge, and adapt to new information across time and personnel changes. Learning channels include formal systems (documentation, training) and informal systems (mentoring, storytelling, tacit knowledge transfer). When learning channels decay, institutions repeat mistakes and lose accumulated wisdom.
A regulatory agency's senior staff retire, taking decades of enforcement experience. Without functional learning channels—case documentation, mentoring programmes, institutional history—the agency loses the ability to recognise patterns that experienced regulators spotted instantly.
Section 4.2: Learning and Institutional Memory