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Legitimacy that derives from how decisions are made rather than what decisions are made. Procedural legitimacy survives substantive disagreement: participants may hate the outcome but accept it as legitimate if the process was fair. IOA recognises that institutions must maintain procedural legitimacy even when—especially when—they cannot achieve substantive consensus.
A tenure committee denies promotion. The candidate disagrees substantively but accepts the decision as legitimate because the process was transparent, criteria were clear, and appeal rights existed. Procedural legitimacy held even though substantive agreement was impossible.
Section 4.1: Participation and Procedural Legitimacy