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The distinctive function of IOA: governing the conditions under which institutions operate, as distinct from governing decisions (governance) or governing responses to events (risk management). Condition governance is continuous, architectural, and concerned with how rather than what—how disagreement is channelled, how learning occurs, how commitments persist, how issues escalate.
Governance decides to expand into new markets. Risk management prepares for potential failures. Condition governance ensures: staff can voice concerns about the expansion, lessons from previous expansions are accessible, commitment to existing operations is maintained during transition, and problems escalate to appropriate levels.
Section 2: The Governance-Risk Gap