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The fourth domain of IOA: how institutions determine what gets elevated to leadership attention, what remains at operational level, and where boundaries exist between normal operations and exceptional intervention. Escalation architecture prevents both under-escalation (crises developing unnoticed) and over-escalation (leadership drowning in operational matters).
A hospital has clear escalation architecture: clinical complications escalate through medical hierarchy; resource constraints escalate through administrative hierarchy; patient complaints escalate through quality hierarchy. Each type of issue has defined escalation triggers, pathways, and ceiling levels.
Section 4.4: Escalation Boundaries