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A failure mode where IOA degradation forces senior leaders into constant crisis intervention, substituting personal heroics for institutional architecture. Leadership heroics temporarily solve immediate problems while depleting leaders and preventing architectural repair. Organisations become dependent on heroic leaders rather than functional systems.
A CEO personally intervenes in every significant customer complaint, every employee conflict, every operational bottleneck. The organisation survives through her heroics, but when she leaves or burns out, it collapses. Leadership heroics masked IOA failure; they didn't fix it.
Section 5: Five Failure Modes